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Carol (music)
A carol is in modern parlance a festive song, generally religious but not necessarily connected with church worship, and often with a dance-like or popular character.
Today the carol is represented almost exclusively by the Christmas carol, the Advent carol, and to a much lesser extent by the Easter carol; however, despite their present association with religion, this has not always been the case.
==History==
The word ''carol'' is derived from the Old French word ''carole'', a circle dance accompanied by singers (in turn derived from the Latin ''choraula''). Carols were very popular as dance songs from the 1150s to the 1350s, after which their use expanded as processional songs sung during festivals, while others were written to accompany religious mystery plays (such as the ''Coventry Carol'', written before 1534).〔W. J. Phillips, ''Carols; Their Origin, Music, and Connection with Mystery-Plays'' (Routledge, 1921, Read Books, 2008), p. 24.〕
Following the Protestant Reformation (and the banning of many religious festivities during the British Puritan Interregnum), carols went into a decline due to Calvinist aversion to "nonessential" things associated with Roman Catholicism. However, composers such as William Byrd composed motet-like works for Christmas that they termed carols; and folk-carols continued to be sung in rural areas. Nonetheless, some famous carols were written in this period, and they were more strongly revived from the nineteenth century and began to be written and adapted by eminent composers.〔W. E. Studwell, ''The Christmas Carol Reader'' (Philadelphia, PA: Haworth Press, 1995), p. 3.〕
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